What is raw water, softened water, desalinated water, pure water and ultrapure water

Raw water is untreated water. In a broad sense, the water before entering the water treatment process is also known as the raw water of the water treatment process. For example, by the water source into the clarifier treatment of water is called raw water.
　　
Softened water, is the water hardness (mainly calcium, magnesium ions in the water) to remove or reduce a certain degree of water. Water in the softening process, only the hardness is reduced, while the total salt content remains unchanged
　　
Desalinated water, is the water salts (mainly dissolved in water strong electrolytes) removed or reduced to a certain degree of water. Its conductivity is generally 1.0-10.0μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) 0.1-1,000,000 Ω.cm, salt content of 1.5mg / L.
　　
Pure water, the strong and weak electrolytes in water (such as SiO2, CO2, etc.). Removed or reduced to a certain degree of water. Its conductivity is generally: 1.0-0.1μs/cm, resistivity 1.0-1,000,000 Ω.cm. salt content <1mg/L.
　　
Ultrapure water, is the conductive medium in the water is almost completely removed, while not dissociated gases, colloids and organic substances (including bacteria, etc.) are also removed to a very low degree of water. Its conductivity is generally 0.1-0.055μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) > 10 × 1000000Ω.cm, salt content <0.1mg / L. Ideal pure water (theoretically) conductivity of 0.05μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) is 18.3 × 1000000μs/cm.

1 Demineralized water refers to the finished water obtained after removing suspended solids, colloids and inorganic cations, anions and other impurities in the water using various water treatment processes. Desalinated water does not mean that the salts in the water are all removed cleanly, due to technical reasons and water production cost considerations, according to different uses, allowing desalinated water contains trace impurities. The less impurities in the demineralized water, the higher the purity of the water.
 2 The hardness of water is mainly composed of cations: calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. When the hardness of the raw water through the exchanger resin layer, calcium and magnesium ions in the water are adsorbed by the resin, while releasing sodium ions, so that the water out of the exchanger is to remove the hardness ions of the softened water, when the resin adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions to reach a certain degree of saturation, the hardness of the water to increase, this time, the softener will be in accordance with the predetermined procedures to automatically carry out the regeneration of the failing resin, the use of a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (saline). Using a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (brine) through the resin, so that the failure of the resin to restore to the sodium-type resin.

Desalted water desalted water refers to the use of various water treatment processes to remove suspended solids, colloids and inorganic cations, anions and other impurities in the water, the finished water. Desalinated water does not mean that the salts in the water are all removed cleanly, due to technical reasons as well as the cost of water production considerations, according to different uses, allowing desalinated water contains trace impurities. The less impurities in the demineralized water, the higher the purity of the water.
Production practice, people from the concept of demineralized water, the use of different names to distinguish the purity of demineralized water is different. For example, boiler water treatment, usually the conductivity is less than 3uS/cm (25 ℃) of water called distilled water, the conductivity is less than 5us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content of less than 100ug / L of water known as the first level of demineralized water, conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content of less than 20ug / L of water known as the second level of demineralized water, conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content of less than 20ug / L of water known as the second level of demineralized water, conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content of less than 20ug / L of water called the second level of demineralized water. 0.2us/cm (25℃), Cu, Fe, Na content of less than 3ug/L, SiO2 content of less than 3ug/L water is called high-purity water or ultrapure water.
The salt content of water is the reason why water conducts electricity. The greater the salt content of water, the smaller the resistance, the stronger the conductive ability, or, the strength of the water conductivity is the water salt content is necessarily reflective of the high and low. Water conductivity is easy to determine the conductivity meter. The conductivity of water can be used to measure the purity of water. Because the water temperature on the conductivity of the impact is relatively large, the general temperature of the water every increase of 1 ℃, the conductivity increased by about 2%, so the conductivity should indicate the temperature of the water. Various ions conduct electricity differently, so the conductivity of the same water, impurity types and their content may be different. 25 ℃ only by the water ionization of H, and OH-conductivity of 0.555us/cm, this value is the theoretical limit of the purity of demineralized water. Conductivity and resistivity are the inverse of each other, i.e., conductivity = 1/resistivity, e.g., 0.2us/cm = 5MΩ.cm.
The above definition of demineralized water and water quality standards are not yet fully unified, especially the difference between different industries is obvious. For example, some industries refer to water with a conductivity of less than O.lF6/cm (25°C), a pH value of 6.8-7.0 and the removal of other impurities and bacteria as highly pure water. In. In some industries, demineralized water is also referred to as pure water, desalinated water, unsalted water and purified water.

Demineralized water contains little or no minerals, and this can be done by distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, or a combination of these methods.
Studies on heart disease and cancer have shown that healthy water is water with a certain hardness and a certain amount of TDS. Desalinated water, as an artificially softened or purified water, contains no calcium or magnesium and has a low total dissolved solids, making it unhealthy to drink. Yet many people continue to drink it for their own reasons, usually thinking something like this: I know I should be drinking water, but it's contaminated with all kinds of chemicals and toxic metals like chlorine, and it's not safe at all, so I buy a distiller or reverse osmosis unit, which removes all the substances from the water so that it's fit to drink. Do these words sound familiar? When we think this way, we only see parts of things, not the whole. We only emphasize the harmful components of water without understanding the beneficial ones. In order to drink healthy water, we must look at both sides of the equation: we want to drastically reduce or eliminate the harmful substances, but we still need to retain the beneficial minerals in the water. In most cases, a proper filtration system or properly bottled mineral water will do the trick - desalinated water will not! Those in favor of drinking desalinated water claim that inorganic minerals in water (such as calcium, magnesium, selenium, etc.) cannot be metabolized and therefore do not cause health problems, but this is not true. In fact, minerals in water are more readily and better absorbed by the body than those in food! Dr. John Sorenson (a western pharmaceutical chemist), an authority on the theory of mineral metabolism, says, “Minerals in drinking water are well absorbed.” He found that the ratio of major metallic elements to non-major elements involved in metabolism is very much influenced by the amount of major elements in the water; if the required major elements are met, there will be little or no absorption of non-major elements, and the non-major elements will be excreted. For example, if the water is high in calcium and magnesium and low in lead, the body will choose the major elements (calcium and magnesium) and excrete the non-major element (lead); but if calcium and magnesium are also low, the cells may choose the non-major element lead, which can lead to dysfunctions in proteins or enzymes. If this happens, the protein or enzyme may become toxic.

Distillers and reverse osmosis units are capable of producing softened, demineralized water that is free of any minerals. The effect of any harmful substances in this soft water is magnified, and a small amount of harmful substances in demineralized water can have a much more detrimental and negative effect on our health than the same amount of harmful substances in hard water. So, for completely different reasons, drinking contaminated water and desalinated water can both be harmful to our health.

Water softening Working principle: The hardness of water is mainly composed of the cations: calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. When the hardness of the raw water through the exchanger resin layer, calcium and magnesium ions in the water is adsorbed by the resin, while releasing sodium ions, so that the water out of the exchanger is to remove the hardness ions of the softened water, when the resin adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions to reach a certain degree of saturation, the hardness of the water to increase, this time, the softener will be in accordance with the predetermined procedures to automatically carry out the regeneration of the failing resin, the use of a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (saline). Using a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (brine) through the resin, so that the failure of the resin back to sodium resin. Features Soft water reduces or avoids the formation of scale and is suitable for washing and bathing. In addition, it avoids the waste of energy and reduction of water equipment efficiency caused by scale in water pipes.

Main features of soft water.
1) Prevent the phenomenon of water pipes, water heaters, coffee makers, humidifiers, steam irons, bathtubs, showerheads, flush toilets and other household appliances from accumulating limescale, frequent clogging, low thermal efficiency, etc. 2) Hairdressing, anti-dandruff and anti-itching, soft hair, natural hairstyles, etc. 2) Hairdressing, anti-dandruff and anti-itching, soft hair, natural hairstyles. Skin care, bathing skin soft and smooth, significantly reduce body flakes. Make-up, no skin tightness, very easy to apply and remove makeup.
(3) Cooking coffee, tea, unique taste, pure flavor. Raise flowers, extend the flowering period, green leaves without spots, flowers colorful. Fish farming, prevent all kinds of fish diseases.
(4) Extend the shelf life of tofu, soy milk is more flavorful, bean sprouts do not need growth hormone, long and strong. Washing vegetables, remove pesticide components, extend the freshness of vegetables. Cooking, shorten the time, rice grains fluffy and glossy, pasta is not easy to expand. Cooking, maintain the natural flavor and nutrients of vegetables.
5) Effectively inhibit fungi, promote trauma healing, reduce constipation, gastrointestinal and stone diseases.
6) Laundry, prevent static electricity, decolorization, change shape, cleaning tableware, clean and no water stains, improve the gloss of utensils. Cleaning the kitchen bathroom, strong decontamination, in addition to odor.
7) Saving expenses, reduce water equipment and water pipeline maintenance costs by more than 60%, reduce hot water fuel costs by more than 30%, reduce the purchase of detergents by more than 50%.  The application field of softened water:Bathroom, kitchen, laundry, heating, boiler, central air-conditioning equipment water supply, beauty care and other vast areas.