The Metamorphosis of Water: A Wonderful Upgrade Journey from Raw Water to Ultrapure Water

     Raw water is untreated water. Broadly speaking, for the water into the water treatment process before the water is also known as the raw water of the water treatment process. For example, from the water source into the clarifier treatment of water is called raw water.
　　Softened water, is the water hardness (mainly calcium, magnesium ions in the water) to remove or reduce a certain degree of water. Water in the softening process, only the hardness is reduced, while the total salt content remains unchanged
　　Desalinated water, is the water salts (mainly dissolved in water strong electrolytes) removed or reduced to a certain degree of water. Its conductivity is generally 1.0-10.0μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) 0.1-1,000,000 Ω.cm, salt content of 1.5mg / L.
　　Pure water, refers to the strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes (such as SiO2, CO2, etc.) in water. Removed or reduced to a certain degree of water. Its conductivity is generally: 1.0-0.1μs/cm, resistivity 1.0-1,000,000Ω.cm. salt content <1mg/L.
　　Ultrapure water, is the conductive medium in the water is almost completely removed, while not dissociated gases, colloids and organic substances (including bacteria, etc.) are also removed to a very low degree of water. Its conductivity is generally 0.1-0.055μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) > 10 × 1000000Ω.cm, salt content <0.1mg / L. Ideal pure water (theoretically) conductivity of 0.05μs/cm, resistivity (25 ℃) for 18.3 × 1000000μs/cm.

1 Desalinated water refers to the use of various water treatment processes to remove suspended solids, colloids and inorganic cations, anions and other impurities in the water, the finished water obtained. Demineralised water does not mean that the salts in the water are all removed cleanly, due to technical reasons as well as considerations on the cost of water production, according to different uses, allowing the demineralised water contains traces of impurities. The less impurities in the demineralised water, the higher the purity of the water.
 2 The hardness of water is mainly composed of cations: calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. When the hardness of the raw water through the exchanger resin layer, calcium and magnesium ions in the water are adsorbed by the resin, while releasing sodium ions, so that the water out of the exchanger is to remove the hardness of the softened water, when the resin adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions to reach a certain degree of saturation, the hardness of the water to increase, this time, the softener will be in accordance with the predetermined procedures to automatically carry out the regeneration of the resin, the use of a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (saline). Using a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (brine) through the resin, so that the failure of the resin back to sodium resin.

Desalted water

Desalted water is the finished water obtained after removing impurities such as suspended solids, colloids, and inorganic cations and anions using various water treatment processes. Demineralised water does not mean that the salts in the water are all removed, due to technical reasons and water production cost considerations, according to different uses, allowing the demineralised water to contain traces of impurities. The less impurities in the demineralised water, the higher the purity of the water. Production practice, people from the concept of demineralised water, the use of different names to distinguish the purity of demineralised water. For example, boiler feed water treatment, usually the conductivity is less than 3uS/cm (25 ℃) of water called distilled water, the conductivity is less than 5us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content less than 100ug / L of water called a demineralised water, the conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content is less than 20ug / L of water called a secondary demineralised water, conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content less than 20ug / L of water called secondary demineralised water, conductivity is less than 0.2us/cm (25 ℃), SiO2 content less than 20ug / L of water called 0.2us/cm (25℃), Cu, Fe, Na content of less than 3ug/L, SiO2 content of less than 3ug/L water is called high-purity water or ultrapure water. Salt content in water is the reason why water conducts electricity. The greater the salt content of water, the smaller the resistance, the stronger the conductive ability, or, the strength of the water conductivity is the water salt content is necessarily reflective of the high and low. Water conductivity is easy to determine the conductivity meter. The conductivity of water can be used to measure the purity of water. Because the water temperature on the conductivity of the impact is relatively large, the general temperature of the water every increase of 1 ℃, the conductivity increased by about 2%, so the conductivity should indicate the temperature of the water. Various ionic conductivity differences, so the conductivity of the same water, impurity species and their content may be different. 25 ℃ only by the water ionisation of H, and OH-conductivity of 0.555us/cm, this value is the theoretical limit of the purity of demineralised water. Conductivity and resistivity are the inverse of each other, i.e. conductivity = 1/resistivity, e.g. , 0.2us/cm = 5MΩ.cm.The above definition of desalinated water and water quality standards are not yet fully unified, especially among different industries. For example, some industries refer to water with a conductivity of less than O.lF6/cm (25°C), a pH value of 6.8-7.0, and the removal of other impurities and bacteria as highly pure water. In. In some industries, demineralised water is also known as pure water, desalinated water, unsalted water and purified water. Demineralised water contains little or no minerals and this can be done by distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange or a combination of these methods.
Studies on heart disease and cancer have shown that healthy water is water with a certain hardness and a certain TDS content. Desalinated water, as an artificially softened or purified water, contains no calcium or magnesium and has low total dissolved solids, making it unhealthy to drink. Yet many people continue to drink it for their own reasons, usually thinking something like this: I know I should be drinking water, but it's contaminated with all kinds of chemicals and toxic metals like chlorine, and it's not safe at all, so I buy a distiller or reverse osmosis unit, which removes all the substances from the water so that it's fit to drink. Do these words sound familiar? When we think this way, we only see parts of things, not the whole. We only emphasise the harmful components of water without understanding the beneficial ones. In order to drink healthy water, we have to look at both sides of the equation: we want to drastically reduce or eliminate the harmful substances, but we still need to retain the beneficial minerals in the water. In most cases, a proper filtration system or properly bottled mineral water will do the trick - desalinated water will not! Those in favour of drinking desalinated water claim that inorganic minerals in water (such as calcium, magnesium, selenium, etc.) cannot be metabolised and therefore do not cause health problems, but this is not true. In fact, minerals in water are more readily and better absorbed by the body than those in food! Dr John Sorenson (a western pharmaceutical chemist), an authority on the theory of mineral metabolism, says, ‘Minerals in drinking water are well absorbed.’ He found that the ratio of major metallic elements to non-major elements involved in metabolism is very much influenced by the amount of major elements in the water; if the required major elements are met, there is little or no absorption of non-major elements, and the non-major elements are excreted. For example, if the water is high in calcium and magnesium and low in lead, the body will choose the major elements (calcium and magnesium) and excrete the non-major element (lead); but if calcium and magnesium are also low, the cells may choose the non-major element lead, which can lead to dysfunctions in the functioning of proteins or enzymes. If this happens, the protein or enzyme may become toxic. Distillers and reverse osmosis units are capable of producing softened, demineralised water that is free of any minerals. The effect of any harmful substances in this soft water is amplified, and a small amount of a harmful substance in demineralised water can have a much more detrimental, and negative, effect on our health than the same amount of a harmful substance in hard water. So, for completely different reasons, drinking both contaminated water and desalinated water can be harmful to our health!

How softened water works
The hardness of water consists mainly of the cations: calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. When the hardness of the raw water through the exchanger resin layer, calcium and magnesium ions in the water are adsorbed by the resin, while releasing sodium ions, so that the water out of the exchanger is to remove the hardness of the softened water ions, when the resin adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions to reach a certain degree of saturation, the hardness of the water to increase, this time, the softener will be in accordance with the predetermined procedures to automatically carry out the regeneration of the failing resin work, the use of higher concentrations of sodium chloride solution (saline). Using a higher concentration of sodium chloride solution (brine) through the resin, so that the failure of the resin back to sodium resin.
Features:
Soft water reduces or avoids the generation of scale and is suitable for washing and bathing. In addition it avoids energy waste and reduced efficiency of water equipment caused by limescale in water pipes. Main features of soft water.
1)Preventing the accumulation of scale, frequent clogging, and low thermal efficiency of household appliances such as plumbing, water heater, coffee maker, humidifier, steam iron, bathtub, shower head, flush toilet, and so on.
2) Hairdressing, anti-dandruff and anti-itching, soft hair, natural hairstyle. Skin care, bath skin soft and smooth, obviously reduce body flakes. Make-up, no skin tightness, very easy to apply and remove make-up.
(3) Cooking coffee, tea, unique taste, pure flavour. Raise flowers, extend the flowering period, green leaves without spots, flowers gorgeous. Fish farming, prevent all kinds of fish diseases.
(4) Extend the shelf life of tofu, soya milk is more fragrant, bean sprouts do not need growth hormone, long and strong. Washing vegetables, remove pesticide components, extend the freshness of vegetables. Cooking, shorten the time, rice grains fluffy and glossy, pasta is not easy to expand. Cooking, maintain the natural taste and nutrients of vegetables.
5) Effectively inhibit fungi, promote healing of trauma, reduce the incidence of constipation, gastrointestinal and stone diseases.
6) Laundry, prevent static electricity, decolourisation and discolouration, clean cutlery, clean without water stains, improve the gloss of utensils. Cleaning kitchen bathroom, strong decontamination, remove odour.
7) Save financial expenditure, reduce water equipment and water pipeline maintenance costs by more than 60%, reduce hot water fuel costs by more than 30%, reduce detergent purchase costs by more than 50%. 
 The application field of softened water:Bathroom, kitchen, laundry, heating, boiler, central air-conditioning equipment water supply, beauty care and other vast areas.